Array And Phased Array Antenna Basics

相控阵天线讲的深入浅出，很有参考价值 1 Radiation 1 1.1 The Early History of Electricity and Magnetism 1 1.2 James Clerk Maxwell, The Union of Electricity and Magnetism 8 1.3 Radiation by Accelerated Charge 10 1.4 Reactive and Radiating Electromagnetic Fields 18 References 18 2 Antennas 19 2.1 The Early History of Antennas 19 2.1.1 Resonant Electric Circuit 20 2.1.2 Heinrich Hertz: The First Antenna and Radio System 23 2.1.3 Guglielmo Marconi, the Dawn of Wireless Communication 28 vi CONTENTS 2.1.4 After the First Transatlantic Transmission 35 2.1.5 Directivity 40 2.2 Antenna Developments During the First World War 44 2.3 Antenna Developments in Between the Wars 47 2.3.1 Broadcasting 47 2.3.2 Microwaves 48 2.4 Antenna Developments During the Second World War 50 2.4.1 Radar 50 2.4.2 Other Antenna Developments 60 2.5 Post-War Antenna Developments 72 2.5.1 Frequency Independent Antennas 73 2.5.2 Helical Antenna 74 2.5.3 Microstrip Patch Antenna 75 2.5.4 Phased Array Antenna 76 References 80 3 Antenna Parameters 83 3.1 Radiation Pattern 83 3.1.1 Field Regions 84 3.1.2 Three-Dimensional Radiation Pattern 87 3.1.3 Planar Cuts 91 3.1.4 Power Patterns and Logarithmic Scale 96 3.1.5 Directivity and Gain 98 3.1.6 Reciprocity 101 3.1.7 Antenna Beamwidth 102 3.2 Antenna Impedance and Bandwidth 103 3.3 Polarisation 107 3.3.1 Elliptical Polarisation 107 3.3.2 Circular Polarisation 109 3.3.3 Linear Polarisation 110 3.3.4 Axial Ratio 110 3.4 Antenna Effective Area and Vector Effective Length 112 3.4.1 Effective Area 112 3.4.2 Vector Effective Length 114 3.5 Radio Equation 115 3.6 Radar Equation 117 3.6.1 Radar Cross-Section 118 References 120 CONTENTS vii 4 The Linear Broadside Array Antenna 123 4.1 A Linear Array of Non-Isotropic Point-Source Radiators 123 4.2 Plane Waves 124 4.3 Received Signal 126 4.4 Array Factor 131 4.5 Side Lobes and Grating Lobes 131 4.5.1 First Side-Lobe Level 131 4.5.2 Grating Lobes 132 4.6 Amplitude Taper 133 References 135 5 Design of a 4-Element, Linear, Broadside, Microstrip